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2008-02-22, 12:22 下午

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苏童：短篇小说永远是正确的

苏童：短篇小说永远是正确的

来源：解放日报　苏童

发布时间：[2008-02-22]


	很多朋友知道，我喜欢短篇小说，喜欢读别人的短篇，也喜欢写。许多事情恐怕是没有渊源的，或者说旅程太长，来路已经被尘土和落叶所覆盖，最终无从发现了，对我来说，我对短篇小说的感情也是这样，所以我情愿说那是来自生理的喜爱。　　谈短篇小说的妙处是容易的，说它一唱三叹，说它微言大义，说它是室内乐，说它是一张桌子上的舞蹈，说它是微雕艺术，怎么说都合情合理。但是谈论短篇小说，谈论它的内部，谈论它的深处，确是很难的。因为一个用一两句话就能囊括的短篇小说会令人生疑，它值得谈论吗？相反，一个无法用简短的句子概括的短篇小说，同样也让人怀疑，它还是短篇小说吗？所以，短篇小说历来就让人为难，一门来自语言的艺术，偏偏最终使语言陷入了困境。　　年底年前关门算账，有精明的会计替短篇小说的赤字算个账吗？　　或者，是有一笔无头债务，只是没人知道是创作欠了评说的债，还是评说欠了创作的债，没人知道是一种体裁欠了文学集体的债，还是一个文学集体都欠了一个体裁的债，再或者，干脆可以质疑，是短篇小说的作者欠了短篇的债，还是短篇欠了创作者的债？　　算账不容易，债务不清，再精明的会计也很容易算出个糊涂账。　　“欠债是相互的。”短篇阵营内部对外部的关系，是否存在什么债务，傲慢属于谁，偏见属于谁，很难言说。这阵营的内部，从旧篇到新章，再从旧人到新人，倒是可以算账的。历史上最伟大的短篇小说作家博尔赫斯谈及霍桑的短篇小说《威克菲尔德》时，石破天惊地提到了佛朗茨·卡夫卡。《威克菲尔德》提前一百年“预先展示了卡夫卡，但卡夫卡修正提炼了对《威克菲尔德》的欣赏。欠债是相互的，一个伟大的作家创造了他的先驱。他创造了先驱，并且以某种方式证明他们的正确。” 　　以这种方法来看待“债务”，让人豁然开朗，“欠债”也可以理解成一种馈赠了。自然，馈赠也是相互的，所有的霍桑都在创造未来的卡夫卡，所有的卡夫卡也在创造霍桑。所有的威克菲尔德最终将摇身一变，变为格利高里，变为土地测量员，而那个土地测量员有可能亲自拜访历史，测量威克菲尔德离家一条街隐居的地点，与他家的距离到底是多少米。博尔赫斯自己一定创造了某个先驱，而这个先驱一定会被未来的某个伟大的作家再创造。如此说来，短篇小说并没有什么单独的处境，它是与庞大的文学集体同呼吸共命运的，未来的所有《城堡》和所有《审判》，它们会出示一纸证明，来证明短篇小说的正确。　　无论年前年底，其实我都没什么账可算，我只是在写一个序。突然想起很多年前，我在我就读的中学图书馆里借一本书，图书馆的阿姨提醒我，这不是长篇，是短篇小说集，你借去可别后悔呀！我当时不知道是怎么回答她的，如果是现在，我会说，不后悔，短篇小说永远是正确的。　　（苏童短篇小说编年：《桑园留念》、《狂奔》、《十八相送》、《白沙》、《垂杨柳》，人民文学出版社出版）

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2008-03-06, 06:14 上午

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2008-07-26, 05:03 下午

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2008-11-05, 08:26 下午

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